
The role of the military in political transitions:
from the 18th century to the present day
Acta 2024
Volume II
XLIX International Congress of Military History
1 - 6 September 2024, Lisbon - Portugal
© 2025 Portuguese Commission of Military History
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmited in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permision of the publisher.
Published by:
Portuguese Commission of Military History
Av. Ilha da Madeira, n.º 1, Room 332
1400-204 Lisboa - Portugal
Coordinator and editor: Jorge Silva Rocha, PhD
ISBN: 978-989-8593-31-3
DOI for this volume: https://doi.org/10.56092/VXIU5336
Volume II
Contents
SESSION E1 — Armed Forces and Political Transformations
José Paulo Berger
Portuguese Military Engineers and Politics
Thean Potgieter
South Africa, Portugal and the Politics of Naval Acquisitions During the Nineteen Seventies
SESSION E2 — Political Crisis and Military Interventions - The Balkans
Daniela Șișcanu
Bessarabia’s Transition from Being a Part of Empire to National Independence. The Role of the Romanian Army in the Process of the Unification of Bessarabia with Romania, 1918
Ion Rîşnoveanu
The Role of The Military in Repatriation of the Future King Carol II. 6 June 1930
SESSION E3 — Democratic Transitions
Prokop Tomek
Submission of the Communist Army to the New Democratic Regime in Czechoslovakia
Petr Janoušek
Eyes on the West! The Transformation in the Czechoslovak Military’s Foreign Orientation in 1989-1992
M. Christian Ortner
The Employment of the Austro-Hungarian Army in the Suppression of Uprising in the Civil and Military Fields in 1918
SESSION F1 — War and Regime Change
Winfried Heinemann
Two Coups: 20 July 1944 in Germany and 25 April 1974 in Portugal
Flavio Carbone
The Fall of Fascism: When the Carabinieri Arrested the Duce on 25 July 1943/5 September 2024
Benny Michelsohn
Two Jewish Officers Who Contributed to the Return of the French 3rd Republic, June–August 1944
SESSION F2 — Cold War Crisis
Davide Borsani
The Path to Rehabilitation, The Italian Navy’s Role in the Aftermath of World War II
Matej Medvecký & Miloslav Čaplovič
The Occupation of Czechoslovakia in 1968 – A Slovak Perspective
Paolo Formiconi
Rejecting the Wrong Cause. Fascist Plots and Democratic Loyalty in the Italian Military Institutions. 1961-1981
SESSION F3 — Humanitary Interventions
Enrico Magnani
The UN Mission in Namibia, the Success of the Transition
Allon Klebanoff
Боже, Царя храни! (God Save the Tsar!)
SESSION G1 — PhD Candidates Workshop 2
Aby Tine
Le Rôle des Militaires dans les Transitions Politiques au Burkina Faso: Cas de Tomas Sankara
Daniel Mata Roque
Lieutenant Suarez: a Female War Veteran in the Party Politics of Redemocratization in Brazil (1945-1947)
SESSION G2 — Post-War Military Transitions
David Alaric Searle
Defeated but Still a Factor? The Role of German Armed Forces in the Transition from War to Peace, 1919 -1923
Martin Rink
West Germany’s Army Facing Structural Reforms in an Era of Global Upheaval, 1987 -1994
Christiaan van der Spek
The absence of Coups d’Etat. The Case of the Netherlands
SESSION G3 — Portuguese Transition to Democracy
Pedro de Avillez
Portuguese April 25th, 1974, Military Coup
Joana de Matos Tornada
16th March 1974. A Coup that Wasn’t a Coup on the Eve of the Portuguese Democratic Revolution According to its Investigation Process
João José Brandão Ferreira
A Historical Perspective on Military Interventions in Portugal
SESSION H1 — Portuguese Decolonization and Military Crisis
Pedro Aires Oliveira
Scapegoats of an aborted decolonization? The Portuguese military in East Timor in 1974 -75
SESSION H2 — New Times, New Visions of the Military
David García Hernán
The Enlightened Navy and the Origins of Spanish Liberalism
Alberto Rico Sánchez
The First International Mission of The Civil Guard: Portugal, 1847
Israel Blajberg
Findings on Genealogy of Fonseca Family and the Role of Marshal Deodoro in the Fall of Monarchy in Brazil, 1889
SESSION I1 — Military Interventions and Democratization
Abel Esterhuyse
The Role of the Military in Political Transitions: The Ending of the Cold War and South African Democratisation
SESSION I2 — Military Interventions and New Beginings
José Romero
General Arsenio Martínez de Campos and the Pronunciamiento in Sagunto (29 De Diciembre de 1874)
Daniel Ayiotis
The Role of the National Army in the Political Transition of Ireland, 1922 -1924
Virginie Wanyaka Bonguen O.
L’Afrique et les coups de bottes postindépendants : Revisitation, enjeux, et analyse d’un phénomène politico-militaire